Sigmund Freud and Freud Hank

Fardad Muhammad Baig 2014-02-0338 Personality Theories Uzma Mazhar 1) What personality (or character) type does Hank display according to Freudian theory? Provide evidence for your answer. At what stage is Hank fixated, according to the Freudian perspective? Find evidence of fixation in the case study. What might have caused this fixation? According to Freud Hank’s displays the Oral Aggressive personality type. This personality type is characterized by envy, manipulation of others, and suspiciousness. ‘Oral aggressive’ people are often perceived as envious, pessimistic, cynical, sarcastic, scornful and contemptuous.Hank perceives others as shallow and is sarcastic about others. Hank is fixated at the oral stage. Orally-fixated people often seek gratification through smoking, thumb-sucking, nail-biting and chewing objects like pens and pencils. Hanks resort to smoking and eating when he is stressed. This fixation occurs as a result of his mother’s overprotec tiveness. His mother used to fulfill his needs instantly. This resulted in his habit of instant gratification which could not be fulfilled later in life. His mother use to shut him up with cookies.This is me was a clean sign that he had dependency issue towards his mother. The mother did not discipline her son which can lead him to have unbalance state of mind. After reading the case study, I believe the mother is part to blame for Hank’s fixation because he was spoiled into a self-centered person, without him even noticing. 2) Would Freudian theory describe Hank's eating and argumentative behaviors as being internally or externally motivated? Explain the motivation. Freudian Theory will describe Hank’s eating and argumentative behaviors as being internally motivated.His habit of eating is a sign of fixation at the Oral Stage as a result of which he resorts to excessive eating and smoking when he is in stress. His argumentative nature expresses his discontent towards o thers because these people did not give him as much attention as his mother did. He, therefore, is angry at others. As a child he was exposed to immediate gratification by excessive feeding. These evidences show that these behaviors were internally motivated. 3) Find an example of a Freudian a Freudian defense mechanism that Hank uses in this description. Explain it.Hank habits alienate people, including Sally. However, when Sally left him Hank thought that she broke up with him because of his weight problem and then he goes on to blame her for her shallowness. He is ‘rationalizing’ here. He is focusing on other reason whereas the real problem lies within him which he is not willing to accept. 4) Find an example of regression in the case study. Explain it. When Hank thought about the previous week he felt stressed. To lower his stress he starts eating the ice cream. After this he starts smoking which also helps him to reduce the tension. This is an evidence of regressio n.In a state of stress Hank regresses back to the Oral stage and seeks gratification through excessive eating and smoking. 5) Would a Freudian therapist view Hank's weight problem as a behavioral problem, in and of itself, or as a symptom of another problem? Explain. A Freudian Therapist would view Hank’s weight problem as a symptom of his fixation at the oral stage. Instead of confronting a stressful situation Hank regresses back to the oral stage and seeks instant oral gratification through smoking and eating. This is the cause of his weight problem. It is also possible that his weight problem can be addressed as a behavior problem.Children learn to behave in a certain manner by observing other people. Since Hank's didn’t have any friends, he was not able to learn from others. 6) What therapeutic techniques would a Freudian therapist, like the one in this case study, likely use? What state of consciousness would be the focus of the therapy? What brings healing in Fre udian therapy? A Freudian Therapist will use the therapeutic technique of Free Association for Hank’s therapy. Psychoanalysis assumes that people are often conflicted between their need to learn about themselves, and their (conscious or unconscious) fears of and defenses against change and self-exposure.Hank’s will be allowed to talk about anything he wishes but this will lead him to talk about the things which matter to him the most. This will instigate a journey of co-discovery which can enhance Hank’s integration of thought, feeling, and selfhood. The unconsciousness will be the focus of the therapy. The therapist will try to make Hank realize his weaknesses so that he can work on them. In Freudian therapy, or psychoanalysis, healing occurs when repressed thoughts and feelings are brought in to consciousness. This allows the patient to develop a stronger ego and resolve internal conflict.

Fall in and dulce et decorum est Essay

During WW1 war poetry changed dramatically. At the beginning of the war, in 1914, propaganda poems were a popular technique to encourage men to join the army to fight for England. Harold Begbie’s ‘Fall In’ was a typical highly patriotic poem that persuaded men to enlist. However, poetry changed at around 1916, after the Battle of Somme, when thousands of men were killed. Soldiers like Wilfred Owen’s wrote poems showing the real terrors they faced in war. Both poems are war poems and both poets use different language techniques to provoke the reader’s feelings. This essay will compare ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ and ‘Fall in’ by looking at the language, structure used and the poets’ attitude towards war. Begbie uses many techniques to make men want to enlist to fight for their freedom in ‘Fall In’. This poem was published as a ‘call to war’ in newspapers and magazines. Highly patriotic poems are also known as jingoistic poems and were very popular at the beginning of the war, as they persuaded men to enlist. We see an example of a patriotic phrase in stanza two; ‘In the war that kept men free? ‘ This implies that England was free before the war and by joining the war the men are helping to keep England free forever. This is patriotic, as it is saying how good England was and how everyone had there freedom. Men liked their freedom and so enlisted. Also; ‘And Right is smashed by Wrong? ‘ supports the idea of patriotism, as the word ‘Right’ describes England and ‘Wrong’ describing Germans. Meanwhile, Owen’s poem is based on his own war experience, and his poems convey the pain, and suffering the soldiers encountered by using a range of similes, metaphors and onomatopoeias; A simile; ‘Coughing like hags’ illustrates how weak and ill the soldiers are. The metaphor ‘Knock kneed’ emphasizes how tired the men are as if they are about to collapse as their knees cannot support them anymore. The onomatopoeia in stanza three presents the poem in a more realistic way; ‘Come gurgling from his froth corrupted lungs’ uses the onomatopoeia ‘gurgling’. The reader can almost hear the painful sounds of the dying man. Secondly, Begbie says that soldiers who go to war will not be mocked and will be loved for their bravery when they come back. The poem threatens the reader that if he does not enlist, he will be looked down upon and we see this from the line; ‘But what will you lack when your mate goes by with a girl who cuts you dead? ‘ The words ‘cuts you dead’ support the same idea. ‘When the girls line up the street shouting their love to the lads to come back’ shows that girls will praise and love the soldiers who come back from war. Men like having lots of attention and will therefore join the army. On the other hand, Owen presents a very different view. Owen believes that soldiers will be destroyed and traumatised forever after the war; ‘In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, he plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning’. Here, Owen talks about how endless nightmares tortured him every night. The nightmare was described vividly to the reader, so those who want to enlist will think about the consequences. When Owen says, ‘In all my dreams’ it shows that he saw the man every night. He was badly affected after seeing the horrors in war. Many soldiers were badly traumatised after the war and had to be taken to a psychiatric hospital. This is the opposite picture Begbie creates; there are no cheerful soldiers being chased by women. Thirdly, Begbie uses a question and answer structure to make the reader question why they are not going to war. For instance, ‘How will you fare, sonny, how will you fare in the far-off winter night’ is one of Begbie’s questions which occur at the beginning of each stanza. The poem assumes that man is going to live. Most people are scared of death at war, but the way that Begbie assumes the reader will survive makes the reader think that it is an easy war and, so, it is not a problem joining the army. Also, the way Begbie uses the word ‘Sonny’ displays the idea that he is older that the reader and most young men, at that time, respected their elders very much and would listen to what they said. The answer; ‘Will you slink away, as it were from a blow, your old head shamed and bent? ‘ would make the men who are not fighting want to enlist, as they know it could happen to them one day. Conversely, ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ has a much different structure. Here, Owen describes what trench life is like and then follows on to describe a gas attack. There is no question and answer structure and instead every alternate line rhymes. The first stanza tells us of life in the trenches, and Owen emphasizes how weak the soldiers are. The second stanza describes a gas attack, and the third stanza describes what a gas attack does to its victim. Finally, Begbie’s attitude, which is shown in ‘Fall In’, is that all men should go to war. He is saying that all men should enlist and fight for their country. The last sentence; ‘When your brothers stand to the tyrant’s blow and England’s call is God’s! ‘ demonstrates that Begbie expects all men to fight against the ‘tyrant’s blow’ as ‘brothers’. He also compares England’s call to God’s call showing that he thinks that Gods thinks that all men should fight against the Germans and their allies as well. People who were very religious might have thought that war was a chance to prove to God that they were brave and faithful to their country and should go to Heaven. In opposition, ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ has a different attitude. Owen’s poem says why men should not enlist and that death in war is unnecessary and inevitable; ‘the old Lie; Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori’ this means that it is not sweet and right to die for your country. The words; ‘The old Lie’ proves that Owen disagrees with it being sweet and right to die for your country. We also see that Owen has a negative attitude towards other propaganda poets. For example; ‘My friend, you would not tell with such high zest’ proves that he is against men being told to enlist; ‘My friend’ implies that Owen is talking to a propaganda poet such as Begbie. He does not mean ‘My friend’ and is using sarcasm. He blames the propaganda poets for making so many men think war is good and making them enlist, causing many deaths. Many people, when war was just announced, were extremely eager for it to start since they thought war would be over in a few months. The saying; ‘Over by Christmas’ was what everybody expected. However, the war lasted much longer then that-a total of four years. After the Battle of Somme attitudes started to change dramatically, since hundred thousands of soldiers were being killed per day! Wilfred Owen started writing about what the soldiers had to confront during this time, and war did not seem so honourable.

EXTRA PAYMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EXTRA PAYMENT - Essay Example It is a mass-based airline, therefore it must adopt a dual strategy by competing in the price segment as well as the premium segment. To achieve this differentiation, it may even develop a new economy brand that offers value for money, while retaining the original BA brand for its premium customers who are willing to pay extra for its services. The brand differentiation will help to create a strong product positioning and sharp market segmentation for BA. It will clear its focus regarding its target customers and define and differentiate their aspirations and priorities, instead of following a â€Å"treat-them-all-the-same† approach. The economy brand of BA will be able to derive great benefit from the strong brand identity of the original British Airways that is focused on premium quality and service. Therefore, within the price segment options, the customer may prefer the BA economy option, considering the BA brand value and the image of reliability that comes along with it. The exceptional quality and services culture of the original BA brand, its investments in training, motivation and employee development, its wealth of learning and experience in creating a service oriented organization, are bound to provide incidental gains to its economy brand. So even within the price market, the BA economy brand could be in a position to stand out amongst other price competitors, with its service-oriented history, reputation, culture and employee orientation. Along with the strategy on pricing, brand differentiation, and service quality, it is equally important to deliver the clear message to the potential customers. Therefore, effective and focused marketing and advertising strategies have to be in place to ensure that the customers get a clear understanding of the unique product offerings of the British Airways. In the airlines industry, as in any services industry, employee development and motivation is

FROM MODERNISM TO POSTMODERNISM IN ARTS EDUCATION Essay

FROM MODERNISM TO POSTMODERNISM IN ARTS EDUCATION - Essay Example Many modernist artists have mentioned that since 1980 they have been taught, with huge compromising problems and acute tensions, more and more inside a new paradigm based on a different set of premises, practices and expectations, related to but different from the parallel shift into postmodernism. Abbs (2003) has referred this paradigm to the shift that is related to thinking in the Education Institutes of British universities and is not to be identified with the atomistic and politically constructed National Curriculum, though many of the elements dislocated from their original meaning are reflected there (Abbs, 2003, p. 46). Modernist arts provides us reasons to believe that while something of value has been achieved under the shaping energies of the new paradigm, the literal and mechanical way it was instituted betrayed the broad sweep of the philosophy, ignored vital principles of creative pedagogy and maimed the holistic perception which lay at the heart of the thinking (Abbs, 2003, p. 46). Among major modernists names like Theodor Adorno, a major figure in the Frankfurt School of Critical Theorists, tells us that art and literature, and particularly Modernist art, could function as a kind of negative or contradictory criticism of society, in thought-provoking experimental texts. Adorno argued that difficult texts provoked new, unfamiliar, estranged conceptions of life that the dissonances and fractures of Modernist art expressed the individual's loss of control, centeredness and harmony in the contemporary world. For Walter Benjamin, modernist education has created a world of printing, duplication and photography, where artistic works have lost the 'aura' that their uniqueness once gave (Childs, 2000, p. 34). The rising technologies of artistic reproduction dispensed with the idea of a work's authenticity; for example, the idea of an authentic photographic or film print makes no sense. Benjamin thought this moved art's function from the realm of ritual, where it is magical and revered, into that of politics, where it is mass produced for purposes of marketing and propaganda, with dire consequences for a politically polarised Europe after World War I. To understand the paradigm which defines art in context with postmodernist education, it is first necessary to know what formalist modernism was not. It was not connective, inclusive, transactional, associative, referential, interactive, changeable, discontinuous, multilayered, impure, and ambiguous ignoring the autobiographical data and questions of personality. Postmodernist art, when encompass these qualities, presents a connective paradigm, which in turn demands a connective criticism to which we call "postmodern" recognizes time and periodicity, but, rather than being tied to one-way time series, it can move back and forth in time and can be associated in its reversibility with the new physics (Ascott & Shanken, 2003, p. 178). Walling (2001) while criticising postmodernism suggests that the way postmodernist education have abused and altered art curriculum is absurd. It does not make any sense for the national standards to be imaginative with reference to some particular standard. Postmodernist reforms in education at every level and field of interest has damped the curriculum rather than reform (Walling, 2001). Postmodern art when merged with the capabilities of visual art presents before us natural art, which

Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection - Assignment Example Both of these processes are directly related to the organisations’ prospect for growth. Recruitment, on one hand, reflects the necessity of obtaining and retaining the most appropriate talent that the jobs require within an organisation. This aspect of the human resource department is of immense importance in the present world’s competitive market. Along with the market becoming more competitive, the level of skills among the people is also enhancing. In this situation, recruitment process is required to be conducted at its best without any failure (Richardson, 2002). Selection, on the other hand, reflects the most effective implementation of the process of recruitment. Selection of the candidates on the basis of information collected and evaluated about them enhances the chances of organisations’ success both in the short as well as long run. The processes of recruitment and selection are followed by the organisations for increasing the possibilities of the orga nisations to select the individuals with the right skills and attitudes for the organisations (Rioux & Bernthal, 2010). Comments on the Analytical and Reasoning Skills Applied The behaviour of people of remaining unaware of their weaknesses and their tendency of presenting themselves in the most socially pleasing manner keeps them away from accepting the truth about their weak points (Powers, 2002). However, I understand this fact quite well and thus I would comment on my analytical and reasoning skills to be moderate and apt to be enhanced. These skills are the most important traits of the persons which are required to be hold as an asset both in the present as well as later stages of life. From my performance on the case study analysis, I have realised the fact that these skills would have to be augmented to a greater extent for further development of my career. However, at the same time, I would like to mention that I should have made use of my learning and knowledge towards recr uitment and selection processes for critically analysing the case. This approach would have provided me appreciation and quantitatively superior marks. Learning Outcome from the Case Analysis Although I was not able to analyse the case in the most appropriate manner, I learnt a lot of effective things from my failure which I believed to be extremely helpful for my career. The first thing is related to the exhibition of ability towards identification of gaps between my skills and knowledge. This trait will help me in reducing the identified gap so that I can become capable enough to react to situations at the right time and in the right manner. The other thing that I learnt is related to the importance of identifying learning sources which are deemed to be the most effective for myself, both in my educational life as well as in my professional life. Above all these traits, the most important trait that I learnt from the failure is the gathering of ability towards formulation and impl ementation of the most effective plan for personal development (National Workforce Center for Emerging Technologies, 2010). Reflection: Is This Really Performance Development And Review? Learning Results from the Topic Covered The topic that was covered in the case is that of the evaluation of performance appraisal system followed in the organisation mentioned. The topic was related to taking up of the decision related to the

Analysis Report of a Sylvia's Bar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis Report of a Sylvia's Bar - Essay Example This study has shown the current business scenario of the bar which provides how the pain points of this business are negatively helping it to occurring losses over the years. This analysis also provides the recommendations by which it might restructure its business strategies so that it can turn around from old traditional culture and provides services which match with the test and preferences of the young generations. Research Objective The purpose of study of the current business practice of Sylvia’s Bar has some objectives. These core objectives are to find out the likely wrong business practices which negatively catalysing the business for making losses over the years and recommend possible solutions which might help to turn around the business in a profit making positions. Research Methodology This business analysis of Sylvia’s Bar is based on primary research and as well as some secondary research also. The main key findings of problems came out by questioning th e customers (Appendix 1.1) of the bar and the staffs (Appendix 1.2) as well. Generally questionnaire is made by a list of questions and the same questions to the targeted samples. But here, different questions are asked to different customers who used to come earlier but not now. The feedback was taken from current and earlier customers in different parameters like Age, Profession, Choice of clothing’s etc. This research was made on both qualitative and quantitative analysis. To analyse the feedback of questionnaire, qualitative research method and for the numbers like the price of the product and services Silvia’s offer is compared with the local competitors who generally have strategy of regular price, more customers. The feedbacks of the customers and the staffs have shown that the bar’s business strategy doesn’t follow the trend of people’s lifestyle and choices. Study Findings Qualitative Analysis Local market survey shows that like Silviaâ₠¬â„¢s bar, many late night bars have opened on that high road of Birmingham like grass flower in the rainy season. They provide entertainment to their customer based on their choices and preferences and follow the trend of changes in customer’s choices. Sylvia’s was established in 1986 targeting the local bank employees and serviced offered at that time according to their choices and preferences and this is why it was so popular in its childhood. Not only this, Sylvia’s bar was only late night bar on the high street which opened after 11pm, and for this reason people from local pubs, who want to spare more time, used to come there as those pubs used to close at 11pm. But, now a days, this area is not that much popular and many younger prefer the fashionable Canal district for weekend night outs. This segment of people doesn’t have 80s or 90s mentality, lifestyles, choice of relaxation. Now trend has been changed and people like to relax in weekend nights in crowdie nightclubs with group of friends and colleagues where they will be provided regular priced dishes, wines, cocktails etc with remix tracks by popular DJs rather than like to spend the time of their relaxation in a silences environment especially in a bar where old classical songs and premium priced dishes and cocktails are available. The business strategies of Sylvia’s might work in a pores city like London where many community of traditional, classy

Technology Impact Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technology Impact Paper - Essay Example New Technology Impact Technology is changing more rapidly day by day, that helps the businesses to move further. Particularly in this century many technological developments taken place and carry on happening. However, people do not desire to relinquish following it for the reason that each individual requires to be advanced as well as obtain greatest advantage by implementing it. To accomplish it, it is initiated to utilize in all the area of life. In other words, technology is turning out to be one of the basic and vital parts of life as well as made life impractical to perform anything in the absence of it. On the other hand, it started shaping people’s lives without their management moreover illustrated its enormous influence. Briefly saying, advanced technology has certain consequences in every field and step of the life particularly in business as well as daily life (Todd). Technology Impact on Business and Customer Introduced the new product to customers Technology infl uences business certainly in a lot of aspects; like that improving the way of advertisement or marketing. Primarily, the technological progresses attained during the previous few decades have enormous outcomes on business products introduction or presentation to the customers across the world. Additionally, the technology facilitates to provide effective support on previously sound sales as well as marketing strategy. One of these supports is to offer direct communication among customer along with the business. For example online shopping is one of the new technology based effective approaches of introducing new products to the customers. In this scenario, if a customer pays for something that he purchased then business earns the profits. However, if sales are not made, the corporation yet has an innovative technique of introducing new products to diverse customers. It means that company is doing its marketing through the web based platform. In case of launching new products to the customers across the countrywide the web based platform facilitates in case of collecting information as well as data regarding their customer’s shopping and purchasing behavior in an attempt to build up flourishing association with their clients. Therefore, they are able to recognize what their clients selections are and how to offer them valuable products in an attempt to maintain their loyalty and attract customers worldwide (Todd (Rampur). Ways that add value through new technology to business The new technology has offered more facilities and ways in order to offer better support to the business as well to the customers. Particularly the web based structure such as eCommerce or online business has offered lots of business advantages to the customers. Particularly in case of web based business practice a company is able to enjoy more enhanced support regarding online shopping, imbursement as well as advertisement policies. All these processes require very small number of human resources and expenditures. In addition, all of these aspects definitely lead to more enhanced support for the management of the entire business dealings and transactions (BusinessKnowledgeSource), (Kristina) and (IBM). The new technology based arrangement has as well offered the businesses a better competitive benefit. In case of new and more enhanced

Trends in the area of biotechnology and its use in agriculture Research Paper

Trends in the area of biotechnology and its use in agriculture - Research Paper Example In addition, the sequencing of the human, selected plant, animal and bacterial genomes in the early part of the twenty-first century has led to the identification of genetic elements, and regulatory pathways and mechanism. These all resulted in products of biotechnology that were designed to understand, alleviate and cure diseases, and improve quality of life. The fields of medicine, agriculture/food and environmental protection have benefitted most from biotechnological innovations. As an example, insulin, a hormone which is either lacking or inactive in diabetics, used to be very expensive. Cost of insulin has been significantly reduced by its production using bacteria that have been genetically engineered to express in large amounts the insulin gene and subsequently, the insulin product. Other proteins with therapeutic effects have been produced in the same manner. The designs of drugs specific for different forms of a specific disease have been based on the molecular understandin g of the disease and the affected metabolic processes. Another major area that has exploited advances in biotechnology is agriculture. Traditional biotechnology in agriculture is centuries old. An example is wine-making, which utilizes certain bacteria to ferment grape extract to produce alcohol. Another traditional biotechnology is cheese-making (makes use of bacteria), and bread-making (use of yeast). Agriculture further utilized specific microbial species to kill insect pests, promote nitrogen fixation, nutrient uptake and hasten organic decomposition to produce organic fertilizers. An early type of modern biotechnology, plant tissue culture, revolutionized the asexual propagation of economically important crops like banana, pineapple, orchids and other ornamental crops. Tissue culture is also being utilized to produce disease-free planting materials, like banana

Importance of Leadership Functions Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Importance of Leadership Functions - Lab Report Example The importance of leadership functions within an organization is transformation. Leaders have a crucial role of ensuring the transformation of their environments and culture. Senior leadership teams evolve new mindsets. Additionally, teams, individuals and organizations grow, adapt and prepare for future outcomes and challenges. These entities learn to change their actions and procedures for performing their actions, making it simple to solve organizational problems. The organizational need to adapt during turbulent financial and economic times leads to operational problems (Pierce & Newstrom, 2011). It is essential to note that leadership functions cannot force change by using technical approaches only. They need different leadership capabilities that will facilitate the reframing of dilemmas and reform operations. Additionally, these new capabilities will reinterpret options. The process of organizational change is usually inevitable. Economic and operational worlds are rapidly cha nging and shifting towards effective and efficient operational methods. These include the use of technological tools to advance operations and economic outcomes. Additionally, leadership has changed to a multi-disciplined activity. The process of leadership tries to cope and apply knowledge to the processes, structures and systems that need completion (Pierce & Newstrom, 2011). Conventional leadership wisdom states that the right business approaches and structures will provide innovation, agility and efficiencies. that an organization requires for successful and sustainable operations. Organizations with inefficient leadership face several problems because leadership functions are not fulfilled. For instance, they face problems with the integration of systems and collaboration with partners. These organizations also face challenges with the coordination of supply chains. In these organizations, innovation is thwarted or haphazard (Packard, 2008). Additionally, customer focused strat egies are usually

Into Thin Air Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Into Thin Air - Case Study Example The implications of decision making and persuasion of a group by a mountain climbing leader led to the death of nine people within a single day as a bad storm walloped up on Mount Everest (Krakauer, 2009). From the narration of Jon Krakauer, it is revealed that during this mountain climbing experience, three more lives were lost before a month elapsed. This mountaineering experience at Everest took place in the spring of the year 1996. In decision making, information or knowledge is one of the most crucial elements of a leader of a group. This is because if there is lack of knowledge, making of choices is not likely to be informed. For example the climbers in the case study had no knowledge that anything was likely to go wrong as they started their commercial expedition for the Everest Summit at the South Col. It is lack of any knowledge of what was ahead that persuasion was achieved and the group made a decision to go ahead with the expedition. Nonetheless, leaders of a group are ob liged to make members aware of the risks which are associated with the decisions that they make (Robert, 2001). This is demonstrated in the case where it is said that all members of the mountaineering expedition were conscious of the possible trouble that they would face but they did not realize that it would lead to loss of lives and make it the worst mountaineering expedition at Mount Everest (Krakauer, 2009). ... Experience makes leaders capable of making the right decisions and the success they attain inn decision making is attributed to the faith that members of a group have for such leaders and their persuasion appeal (Robert, 2001). The decision making of the climbing guide for the team was a fixed and strict turnaround timing which Hall put at 1 pm. It is notable that during the climbing experience most climbers did not adhere to the turnaround time as posted by the guide. This is seen by the fact that some climbers turned around at 3 pm (Krakauer, 2009). In this sense it can be argued that the guide of the climbing expedition was not able to successfully persuade the group of the importance that was attached t adherence to the turnaround time and the possible consequences that would emanated from decisions of failing to turnaround when expected. The decision Hall had for the group for the 1 pm turnaround proved to be very costly for the whole group. This is because of the fact that at t his time the air at the mountain is very thin (Krakauer, 2009). It is in light of this sentiment that it is argued that the decision that was made by the leader of the group was not sufficiently informed. And if it was informed it s evident that the leader was ready to take risks associated to decision making. Nonetheless the ability of the leader in convincing the group to the 1 pm turnaround demonstrates how persuasion for a group would lead to decisions that are likely to lead to negative implications late on. Charisma and eloquence are usually attributed to the ability of leaders to make persuasive decisions that make members of a group convinced to follow suit to what is decided by the leader. In light of the case study, it can be argued that it is the

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical Analysis Essay McDonalds is commonly known as a satisfying fast food restaurant that can be found all over the United States. It has great tasting food and a warm, fun environment for parents and children. McDonalds continuously tries to be portrayed as a healthy, happy, and family friendly setting to attract their intended audience but in reality, this food is extremely bad to eat. They provide commercials and advertisements that look very appealing to the human eye because the meals they sell are commonly eaten in the United States. Between the food and the environment, it is hard to pass up a trip to this restaurant. They are most famous for their burgers, fries, and milkshakes which are typical meals that young kids and their parents like to snack on without realizing how unhealthy they can be. Ronald McDonald, the restaurants character, is an interesting man that looks like a clown, which is an attraction to a little kid that wants to eat there. McDonalds is a great example of how restaurants say and do whatever it takes to get more customers using pathos and ethos. McDonalds puts out commercials where all their customers; parents and children, look extremely happy and healthy when in this atmosphere. The indoor playgrounds and appealing food make it seem like it is one of the best places to eat out, but customers do not realize that what they see in this advertisement is too good to be true. The people may seem to look friendly and skinny on television and on billboards, but in reality, those that eat at McDonalds all the time are not in shape and most likely do not feel good about their health. This chain restaurant uses the technique of pathos to try to attract more customers by making the people in the commercials look as if they feel great and make them look overly happy to be eating this food. Those that eat at this restaurant are really looking for cheap food on the go. McDonalds is very well known in the country to have reasonably priced, good tasting food. Those that have experienced eating here know it tastes good and those who have not tried it yet, have heard about it, so it is safe to conclude that they use the technique of ethos as well. Reputation in any restaurant is important because if there is a bad reputation no one will want to eat there Although the food at McDonalds tastes exceptionally good, they are falsely advertising the environment that this restaurant brings about. It may be delicious but it is necessary to make sure that people know it is not good for them and can be very detrimental to their health. McDonalds incorporates pathos and ethos in order to advertise the best way they possibly can to attract the customers and to make more money.

Business Psychology Essay Example for Free

Business Psychology Essay In this era of globalization, every organization must design its own strategy in terms of running its business at excellent level to survive and stay in competition. Trigger factors of higher demands that addressed to organizations are; emergence of free market which means that competitors are not only from the local market but also come from organizations all over the world, technological advances that developed rapidly over time also has role in higher demands that has been exposed to organizations in determining that everyone inside the organization must be compatible with the rapid development of technological advances at their workplace. Intense competition environment as already mentioned above certainly lead to tendencies for organizations in emerging innovations, creativities, enhancement of added value, service excellences, competitive prices and acceleration of process business plot as an objective to be â€Å"the winner† in competing with other organizations. A paradigm shifting in the design of the organizational strategies is necessary to be developed by organizations in order to survive in spite of the free market enforcement. One of the strategies that can be applied is building an effective team in the organization, the transformation in working method from individual to team work as the main focus must bring psychological effects for every individual in the organization. Every member in the organization is forced to be part of their team, regardless to their preference to work as individual or as a team. This phenomenon also brings the â€Å"domino effect†; each member in the organization will be evaluated not only for their field competencies related to their job performance, but also personal competencies related to perform effectively as a team member (team work competencies) will be evaluated by the organization. In the realization  of forming an effective team, more than one strategy related to competencies in team building, which are parts of the business psychology area, must be combined in a synchronous way. Business psychology can be use as a source in designing and implementing an organizational strategy, especially for the accentuation in understanding individual behavior and self improvement basis when they are put and work together in a team. There some business psychology focuses that can be used in designing a strategy which at the end also can be used as references in building personal competencies needed in order to perform as an effective team. These are the beneficial focuses: 1. Perception and personal reality Every individual has cognitive limitation in responding to information that they received, as a result of that phenomenon, they are forced to pick information selectively regarding to which received information associated as valuable and which is invaluable, which data that will be taken to the next level of information process. Related to selectivity process, individual tend to use heuristic process, an information processing which characterized by incomplete usage of given data, only based on general issues and experiences, and all those information processed quickly. This information processing form has potential in bringing biases, misunderstanding, and inaccurate result in processing information. Based on the implementation of information processing above, in interacting with other individual, stereotypes and expectations emerged. Stereotyping is a judgment processing of someone that made only based on perceptions to the group where they can be categorized. Expectations from each individual not always positively responded by the other party where they are interacting with each other. Expectations also correlate with communication styles that will be used in interactions. 2. Team ship In building an effective team, many approaches must be used and collaborated in a synchronous way. Defining roles in each team member is an important aspect for balancing the roles of team members in order to optimize the team’s outcomes and coherence. One of the models that can be used in describing team roles in details is â€Å"team roles model† by Belbin : An effective team, in the process basis is characterized by these indication processes; active listening, sharing leadership, taking turn-not interrupting, positive reframing, rescuing eac other’s views, spontaneous and open praise and elaboration of ongoing ideas. In terms of their task performance, an effective team is characterized by these indication processes; analyzing, focus on results, reflecting, open rejection-goal oriented, open rejection-based on data, seeking opinion, seeking clarification and closure. There are some important key behavior in an effective team, such as: open communication, mutual respect, shared output responsibility, agreement through consensus, active disagreement, clear individual responsibilities and roles, subordinate own goals to group objectives, engender high team morale, receptive to new ideas and change, and constructive and supported feedback. There are two applicable models that can be useful in order to design the strategy for establishing an effective team, and they are: Jungian model and Tjosvold model. a. Jungian Model b. The Ideal Team System by Tjosvold Sharing organizational expectations, business strategies and visions, core  values, organizational cultures and organizational objectives, can be defined as envisioning. Showing interest about team member’s visions, task clearances, valuing intercultural differences, and transferring the idea of the team ship’s paradigm importance are efforts in uniting the team. Bringing out loyalties, responsibilities, knowing potential of team members and assigning them based on that, and motivate them when they need motivation are characteristics in the empowering step. After being empowered, exploration in discovering problems and focusing on finding solutions can be established, diversities can be managed in finding the best solution, and all that will raise the team’s awareness to the importance of learning over time to have the upper hand in the market competition. After the best solution is reached, reflecting what the team has been through at every step of the cycle above can be very important as the source of any plan or step that needs to be revised on the next period in order to perform as an effective team. 3. Conflict resolution There are some causes of conflicts that usually appear in organizations: competition, scarcity of resources, interdependence/dependency, conflict in objectives and tasks, differences of opinion and of influence, differences in status, cultural differences, change, misperception, miscommunication, different ways of seeing things, personal preferences, pace of response, range of response and form of response, individual differences and emotional defenses. Traditionally, from all causes of conflicts that mentioned above, individual differences and emotional defenses are the main issues in organizations. In dealing with conflicts, there are three natural reactions that are usually expected from the individuals involved: striking back (leads to escalation, potentially damaging the relationship), giving in (usually results in poor outcome, can be seen as rewarding bad behavior), and breaking off (sometimes can be beneficial, often very costly, hasty and regretted). Regarding to conflict resolution, application of negotiation competencies can be very useful. There are five stages in negotiation process; orientation, position taking, search for solutions, crisis/deadlock, settlement and finalization. It is important to each team member to identify their position in those stages that are related in optimizing conflict resolution process. By knowing and sharing their each position, they can build the same perceptions in finding the best conflict resolution scheme. Principled approach is a combined technique in negotiation from soft and hard style of positional bargaining. In this approach, participants are problem solvers, the goal is a wise outcome reached amicably and efficiently, people and the problem must be separated, must be soft on the people and hard on the problem, independent of trust is proceed, the focus is on interests not the positions, interests are being explored, having a bottom line is avoided, options for mutual gain are invented, multiple options are developed, the use of objective criteria is insisted, a result is reached based on standards independent of will, there is tendency to be open to reasons and yield to principle, not pressure. Conflicts can lead to project delays, missed market opportunities, confused communication, inconsistent information, teams fail and difficult to retain good staff. Considering the effects of unresolved conflict, there are three category : first order effects (quantifiable) can be counted by employee replacement cost, including termination costs and recruitment, second order effects (harder to quantify) which can be observed by increased supervision or management activities , and third order effect (impossible to quantify) when its already revealed in passive aggressive behaviors. Look more:  problem focused coping essay There are two types of conflict; task focused, which is characterized by differences of views and opinions, based on facts and reasoning, and related to intellectual matters. The other type is relationship focused conflict, characterized by anchored in personal differences, influenced by history/assumptions, and related to feelings and emotions. There is a model by Thomas Kilmann which explained deliberately about correlation between  assertiveness and cooperativeness in dealing with conflict. 4. Decision making There are two types of decision making process that people tend to implement, they are: width (diverging) and depth (converging). Diverging type is characterized by some points; seeking options/strategies, works with multiple perspectives, requires more options, considering new ideas, combining options/lateral ideas, and creative suggestions. On the other hand, converging type is characterized by: seeking consensus, seeking clarification, seeking structure, review based on new information, analytical, making inferences, assess consequences based on data, strong defense of viewpoint, clear decisions and outcomes. The usage of both types can be based on the situation that the decision making processes is taking place in the organization. Combination of width and depth are expected and can be the best option in decision making process.

Leadership Traits Of Steve Jobs

Leadership Traits Of Steve Jobs Charisma is a God given gift that few people possess, he is one of them. God not only gives him this gift, but also gives him the magic to attract the public which is usually the character of provocative evangelist and politician. He is a typical American-style hero, after several ups and downs; he is still around, like Hemingway said in The Old Man and the Sea: A man can be destroyed but not defeated. He and his friend created a legend in electronic word, bring the world to a personal computer era. But at the peak of his career he was blocked, his life fells from the peak to the bottom, but 12 years later, he comeback , to start another legend. Your time is limited, so dont waste it living someone elses life, says Steve Jobs. From the day he was born on February 24, 1955, Steven Paul Jobs was on his own. As the CEO of Apple Computer and CEO and Chairman of Pixar, Jobs is today recognized as one of the top leaders and is worth an estimated $4.4 billion. He is a successful example of in both computer and entertainment industries, his story impress me a lot so I decide to write this paper, mainly for unearth the factors that lead him to so many success and his distinctive characters that make him such a charismatic person. I will first give a brief introduction about his childhood and background information and his career, then I will list and explain his major leadership traits and behaviors that make him an idol. The last will be the application of Steve jobs leadership in hospitality industry. snapshots of Steve Jobs Born of APPLE Steve Jobs was born in San Franciscoà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’February 24, 1955, the moment he was born, he became a orphanhe was ruthlessly abandoned by the university professor father and the decadent artists mother. Luckily, a lonely couple who dont has any kids adopt him. When Jobs is a kid, he is smart, naughty, wanton, and often come up with mischief, nevertheless he gets outstanding academic records. At that time, Jobs lived near the famous Silicon Valley where many of his neighbors are Silicon Valley veteran of Hewlett-Packard, under the influence of these people, he fall in love with electronic. The first time he saw the computer is in a party of HP employee, and began to crazy about it. When he was in the junior high, he met Stephen Gary Wozniak (Aug. 11 1950) who is five years older than him and latterly became the most important person in his career. Woz is the president of e-club and also have great interest in electronics so the two hit it off. They founded Apple Computer together e ight years later. When he was 19 as a freshman of college, he suddenly came up with an idea to get a job in a computer game company and drop the school. Soon after, he became interested in Buddhism quit the job and travel overseas to India to be the apprentice of the master. After he fails he came back to USA and work in the previous company to be an engineer. After many setbacks, he finally decided to settle down and work on his interests as before. With Woz jobs spend day and night in his garage doing all kinds of experiment and dreaming about having a personal computer. After exploring the market he found out, computer at that time are all giant computer for commercial usage and quite expensive. So they think about developing a personal computer by themselves, but the corn part of the computerthe 8080 chip costs $270 and wont sell to the individual client other than public company. Finally, they find another 6502 chip 6502 which almost has the same quality with the chip 8080 made by inter company and the prize if much lower, it only cost $20 for each piece. They went back to the garage with the chip and starts their innovation of computer world. After several weeks, they finally finish their first piece of worka personal computer. But at that time they dont what their work means to the future electronic world, it is the first personal computer and is a brand new concept to most of the people by that time. All of their friends was so shocked and Steve and his friend tried everything they can to raise money for the bulk production. On the fools day of 1976, Jobs and Woz and one of Jobs friends Ronald Wayne together sign a contract and decide to establish the apple companies with the well know logo an apple bit by somebody. And the computer itself was named as the Apple I Abandoned by the company he established At that time Apple didnt have a good business, even though the computer is quite amazing for those who love electronic, for the common person they dont know what this machine used for. Their first big order is a 50 one made by a salesman. And then they began to receive more and more orders, and Jobs began to consider of bulk production. Unfortunately, few people would like to invest until a successful salesman provide a huge amount of loan to them and help them develops a business plan. On the first computer fair held on the west coast, Apple II attracted so much attention and thousands of customers crowd around their exhibition hope to buy one. Apple came to a peak in 1980 when the company went public. All the shares were sold out within an hour, and Steve Jobs became one of the richest men in USA. He receives the National Technology Medal granted by President Ronald Reagan. However failure seems always comes with huge success, Steves business philosophy always differs from other people and the IBM began to grow up swallow apples market share quickly. Nearly everyone think its Steves fault to have such a bad business. On September 17, 1985 he quit his job, leave the company he set up. He insist to sell the hardware and software together as a package and this stop the companys expansion speed à ¨Ã‚ µÃ‚ ¶Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ µÃ‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ½Ã…“à ¥Ã…“ ¨Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’do everything by themselves, that is one of the reasons why he fail. December 17, 1996 is a remarkable day for Apple and the entire computer industry. Steve Jobs came back and with an even greater passion on Apple, because he never forgets his dream. By the time he went back he start to reform and restructure the traditional operation and administration in the company. To everybodys amazement, he picks up the relationship with Microsoft which is the biggest competitor at that time. Just like before, he spent a lot of effort inventing new computers. His effort pays off until iMac, a brand new design computer occurred in the market with the famous motto I think, therefore iMac. He always keeps himself busy and company start to make profit again. Before he came back companys balance show a negative number of one billion but by the time 1999 the balance show a positive number of 300 million, at the same time iMac II shock the computer market again people began to regard him with special respect. Outstanding leadership traits of Steve Jobs Physical and Background Traits Steve Jobs is adopted as referred in the introduction part, this quite influence his personality formulation of his whole childhood, Steve is so clever that he recognized he was adopted when he is very young, this makes him feels it is more dependable of himself than others, because even his biological parents abandon him. In this case he began to become more and more independent and hate the regulation from others and tends to make every decision by himself. For instance, even if his family is not that rich, he insist to go to a private school which charge high fees to study in the best microelectronic school at that time. To everyones surprise, he quit the school which he spent so much effort to get in because he think the homework is stupid and waste of time. Even the school dismissed him, he still stay in the dormitory learn by himself and do the experiment. At last he even cant stand stay in the school, he goes out the campus and get a job in HP. Another trait that make him so success maybe because his environment he stay during his childhood. His family leaves near the famous silicon valley where many great electronic masters work and this affect him so much that he addicted to it and cant help himself out. Whats more, he even lives next to an engineer works in the HP Company and act as his mentor when he is young. This man is worth mention not only because he lead Steve into the magic electronic world but also he introduce him a job in HP and this is so important for Steve because it help Steve to know more about electronic and the business. Personality and Ability Traits Power of dominance. Steve Jobs dominance everything during work including the detail process of production and all employees. No matter you are a common person or a computer genius he can always dominant you, for most people willing or have to obey his direction. For those who insist not follow his idea, he will use everything he can to defeat you to obey his commander. For example, he always question people like, Do you really believe you are right? most people will lose confident at this moment and for those who dont compromise, he will try his best to find out the flow in your work, and gradually destroy your self-confidence and believe he is the person that you have to obey. Steve Jobs use nearly every psychological skill that helps leaders to control others and maintain the leaders dominance. It usually takes two steps to control a person, first, he will use some frightening or even rude way destroy the persons confident makes the person feel like a helpless child. Then, build a parent image for himself to guide him, after these two steps the person will behave in the way Steve told him and grant his own success to Steves great guidance. Jobs have very high skill in giving speech and presentation. There are mainly 7 techniques that Jobs has learned about inspiring his audience; he use all of them to wow his employees, customers, investors, or anyone else he need to motivate. First, Sell dreams, not products. Steve Jobs define his mission as changing the world. When iPod appears on the market in 2001, Jobs said, In our own small way were going to make the world a better place. Where most people see the iPod as a music player, Jobs sees it as tool to enrich peoples lives. Secondà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Reveal a Holy Smokes moment. There is always one water cooler moment in Steve Jobs presentation. For example, when Jobs unveiled the MacBook Air, what do people remember? They recall that he take computer out from an envelope! The image of a computer sliding in an envelope was immediately unveiled in Apple ads and on the Apple website. The water cooler moment had run according to plan. Share the stage. Few companies are as closely associated with their founders as Apple is with Steve Jobs. But on stage Steve Jobs is far from a one-man show. Jobs introduces partners or customers in every major presentation. If they cant physically share the stage with him, he will roll video clips and testimonials about Apples products. He also introduces employees who deliver sections of the presentation. Whether its designer Jonathan Ive or marketing chief Phil Schiller, employees with particular expertise in one area often share the stage with Jobs. Your audience craves variety. Give it to them. They also want to see teamwork. Show it to them. Task and Social Traits He has the greatest motivation in his work. First 3year when he back to Apple he didnt get any money from the company which equals to stock worth $500 million and insist working 90 hours a week. So, it is the passions on making unique products that are outstanding and change the perspective for consumers. And never give up the passion on Apple even when he caught cancer. Like all of the successful leaders, Jobs has great sociability. When Jobs leaves apple and began to set up a new company and try to get a bank to cooperate, he calls the chairman of Citibank, even it can be done by a manager in a branch-bank, the chairman met him help him solve the problem. Whats more, he also does some charities and send new product to those who he admire by himself. All of these behavior enhance his affected his influence in the public. Outstanding Negotiation Skill à ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ©Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾-à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â€ž ¢ Striving for perfectionism; Leadership behavior of Steve Jobs Directive leadership behaviors Base on so many anecdotes of Steve Jobs no matter positive or negative, we can clearly see he belongs to directive leaders. He seldomly listen to others opinion and even name others idea as stupid. Like most directive leaders, he set up strict rules to his employee. Those who fail to meet his expectation will be reprimanded. In his mind everyone should listen to his command, not only the employee but also the member of the board. The reason why he leaves apple in the early years is also caused by his directive or even someone calls egocentric. By that time, Apple doesnt have very good business because he insists to develop both software and hardware all by themselves and some other failure decision. While other computer companies like IBM quickly develop and gradually eat Apples market. His directive leadership behaviors annoy the board finally decide to kick him out. Even though the directive leadership brings him a lot of trouble, but his success is also base on it. He knows what t he plan is and how it will work. He is so directive that every employee should follow his commander and do in his way with no excuse otherwise they will be dishonored in public. When we are surfing the internet with a comfortable laptop or enjoy a game using a multi-touch screen cellphone in a subway, we will find out its Jobs directive and perfectionism that make our life so interesting. 4.2 Charismatic and transformational leadership behaviors Magic of the culture is gather a group of people and create a super power. Jobs is the kind of leader who can create such kind of cultural to increase the coherence of the team.1981 Jobs form a new group for the Macintosh computer, until 1982 he gets 20 member in his group and all of them are shrewd, capable, and full of passion like a group of pirate he is the pirate chieftains. He also held a party to implement this culture, in the party he gave everyone a T-shirt with a slogan on the cuff says: 90 Hours A Week And Loving It! He also add some sentence for some people to let them feel how important they are for the company, and some even higher level engineers can even have big meal in the cabin. He create the pirate culture not for fun, his real goal is to motivate the group to work hard to shock the world on May 16, 1983 when the computer fair would be held. All the members looking forward to the advent of products and value the product better than their life. By spreading the pir ate culture he gets a highly motivated group and reaches his goal. He knows how to convince others in in many ways including humiliation and challenging. His language is very irresistible both in speech or when negotiate with investors. Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or do you want to come with me and change the world? this sentence which is abounding in sedition governs John Sculley the CEO of Pepsi defect to Apple. This sentence looks like a compliment and also a humiliation, it stimulate Sculley and he suffer from it for several days thinking if he not accept jobs invitation, he will wander weather he made a right decision. In the Inaugural Sulley addresses, the only reason he work for apple is to work with Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs in hospitality industry Even though there are essential differences between hospitality industry and electronics industry, but leadership is relevant. All the industries are managed by people and most essential work is done by person, so leaders of these two industry must sharing some characters or trait with each other. Hospitality industry as a labor intensive industry requires more powerful and skillful leader compared to other industry. Learning from others or even other industries becomes a shot cut for many leaders who want to improve themselves leading skills. Steve jobs as a legend of the electronics industry must be outstanding in leading a company or have some special ability to improve the efficiency of management. After analyzing and abstracting the basic leadership traits and leadership behavior of steve jobs, lets take a further step in exploring the application of steve jobs leadership character in hospitality industry and find out how the current management methods in hospitality industry ca n be improved. As a referred previously in this paper, he is the one who born to change the world. Which means his major character of his leading attributes is about innovation. This character really helps him and Apple Company shows outstanding and produces cutting-edge products. Each time Apple introduce new product into the market, there will be a huge purchase wave appear. As for hospitality industry, is innovation important in big decision making process or even daily operation? The answer will be yes. Implementing innovation in hospitality industry usually happens on the international franchising. In order to adjust itself to a new environment, a leader who have the spirit of innovation will be needed. Not only for the product adjusting but also the service concept changing. Take an example of KFC to illustrate my opinion, as we all know KFC which is one of the most famous fast food company in actually china comes from USA, but KFC seems dont have that much fans in USA compared with China. Bu t when the head company made a decision to penetrate into China market they make huge innovation to both their product and brand image. This turns out to be a big success. From this point of view, Steve jobs leading method is perfectly suit for hospitality industry. When people who had the experience of working with Jobs were asked to conclude him will always refer to his charisma, like some will say the only reason I work in Apple Company is to work with Steve Jobs. Or, his word seem have some magic that you cant refuse he will let you believe he is the only person that will lead you to success. This is a symbol of charismatic or transformational leadership. Jobs even been described as a textbook of charismatic leader who is always assertive, dynamic, outgoing, and often forceful. These characters become more and more apparent as he grows up. Hospitality as a business mainly about produce guest satisfaction has a high demand of this kind of leading style. Hotels need motivated employee to produce high guest satisfaction, and this can be handled perfectly by a charismatic leader. When hotel managers trying to motivate their employees into a good service attitude and positive mood, the manager himself should first behave dynamically and be outgoi ng so that the employees can be infected with his spirits. Imagine that, one hotel manager is depressed and how his employees will behave? His pessimism has the effect of depressing everyone around him because he is the leader the role model of the followers.

Macbeth Essay :: essays research papers

Macbeth A Comparison of the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play Macbeth, written by the playwright William Shakespeare, has two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is a general of Duncan’s army, and Lady Macbeth is his wife. Each of these two characters have different personalities and traits, however they are married to each other and appear to be in love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth first appeared in the play in (i.ii). He is a Scottish general fighting under Duncan’s rule. He is portrayed as a valiant soldier and a powerful man with honor and allegiance to his country. Duncan, the king of Scotland, also gave him the title of the Thane of Cawdor, which is a high honor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, as the play proceeds, the reader becomes aware that Macbeth has some other personality traits as well. When Macbeth first meets with the three witches, and they tell him their prediction of him becoming a future king, the first characteristics that the reader learns now coincide with some new ones, self-doubt, and the realization that others can easily influence Macbeth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lady Macbeth first comes across to us as an evil person. When the reader first comes into contact with Lady Macbeth (i.v), she receives a letter telling her about the witches’ prophecy of Macbeth becoming king; she immediately begins to plan Duncan’s murder. She believes that by making Macbeth kill Duncan, she would be able to get closer to the throne of Scotland, which then would give her an immense power. Lady Macbeth appears to be driven by the longing for power throughout the first two scenes of the play, and also comes across with tons of power over her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Macbeth first speaks to Lady Macbeth about the prediction that the three witches had of him becoming king, she encourages him to kill Duncan. Macbeth, on the other hand, is nervous about the consequences and the repercussions of committing murder, and almost decides not to do it. Lady Macbeth then proceeds to almost make fun of Macbeth by questioning his purpose as a man.

FRANKENSTEIN Essay -- Essays Papers

FRANKENSTEIN In the story â€Å"Frankenstein,† written by the author Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein decided that wanted to create a being out of people that were already dead. He believed that he could bring people back from the grave. Playing with nature in such a way would make him play the role of God. With Victor Frankenstein feeling that he had no true friends, the only relief he had of expressing his feeling was through letters to Elizabeth. Elizabeth was not Victors’ true sister but he loved her very dearly, making sure to always write her when ever he had the chance. Yet, when Victor left something strange came over him. Already being interested in subjects such as natural philosophy and chemistry, he fall upon the question of how to bring someone back to life. He became very involved in this project and worked on it for days on end. The project had to do with defying the laws of nature. Victor believe wholeheartedly that he could bring the dead back to life. He felt that the dead were not ready to die and they were just resting. Victor became so self absorbed into his project that he seem to forget all that was important to him. He even disengaged himself from all the people he loved in his life. People like his father, Elizabeth, and other loved ones. Victor began to write less and less. Yet, it was not until Elizabeth got a discouraged letter from Victor, did his love ones start to wary about him. Though, the letter was full of words, it gave no relief ...

Turbografix 16 ...the beginning :: essays research papers

In Japan, shortly after the introduction of Nintendo's Famicom (Japan's version of the NES), the electronics giant NEC entered into the videogame market with the introduction of their "next generation" system, known as the PC Engine (PCE). The PCE boasted a 16-bit graphics chip capable of displaying up to 256 colors on screen at once, at a number of resolutions. Although its CPU wasn't much more powerful that of the NES, its spectacular graphics chip and six-channel sound bettered the Famicom in every way. It utilized a sleek new card format (PCE games are either HuCards or Turbochips) to hold its software, rather than bulky cartridges. It was also the first console to boast a CD-ROM drive, for full orchestral soundtracks and even (gasp!) full motion video. The PC Engine was immensely popular in Japan, outselling the Famicom by a significant margin. In 1989, two years after its Japanese introduction, NEC announced plans to bring the PC Engine overseas, to the booming videogame market of the U.S. With a huge library of Japanese software, it seemed to many as though the system couldn't possibly fail. At the time, the NES was the #1 system in the US. Games were no longer being made for Atari's 7800, and despite the popularity of the Sega Master System in Europe, it failed to capture the hearts of the U.S. gaming public. Arcade and computer games began to set new standards in visual and aural excellence, making the NES seem primitive in comparison. Although MMC (memory mapper) chips allowed the NES to do some pretty spectacular things, the game-buying public was hungry for a new system. Shortly after NEC stated its intention to bring the PC Engine to the U.S., Sega announced that its Mega Drive system (released in Japan a year after the PC Engine) would also be coming to the U.S. as the Sega Genesis. The Mega Drive was slow to catch on in Japan, as the installed user base of PC Engine was so large. In fact, the Mega Drive was spectacularly unpopular with our Japanese friends. Although the Mega Drive boasted superior graphics and sound, the absence of a CD-ROM drive was a definite minus in most gamers' minds. Once you've played a CD-ROM game, cartridge games just don't seem as good. At the time, the Genesis didn't seem like much of a threat to the assured success of the TurboGrafx-16 (NEC's American name for the PC Engine).

Adele: Rise of the Mummy (Movie Review)

Movie Review ADELE: RISE OF THE MUMMY Adele: Rise of the Mummy is a movie adaptation of the comic series of Jacques Tardi and directed by Luc Besson (â€Å"The Fifth Element†). The genre of this is more on adventure, action and comedy. It tackles about the adventures of the author Adele Blanc-Sec on her search for the mummy Patmosis, physician of the great pharaoh Ramses II of Egypt. With the help of Esperandieu, a physicist, and his concept of life after death, the plan is to resuscitate Patmosis to cure her paralyzed/almost dead sister.The story doesn’t only focuses on the concept of mummy but also to a pterodactyl which was hatched after 135 million years. It also narrates reality stuffs, the policeman, the commissioner, and those higher to them on how they use their influence, the scientists and their role in science relating to present issues. It is quite of lousy tactics when it comes to graphics. The pterodactyl seems to be not so realistic, though mummies were r eally nice.Also, the props used such as the breath analyzer which was used in the earlier part is catchy, the telephone and typewriter are of some antique kind. The emotions also have a spec and shifting of these emotions is suitable with regards to the scenes. For example, it goes sombre when Adele talks about her sister, and goes ra-ta-tat when Adele is in situation where she’s desperate. The humor that evolved throughout the film is of limited access to most of the audience since most of them are French â€Å"thing†.Such stuffs are mostly inside jokes about French politics, cuisine, and the museum itself. Some are clearer upon second viewing. The movie didn’t catch the bottom part of Filipino taste when it comes to comedy films. However, the film is quite educational and interesting in its own simple way, introducing the minor Egypt culture when it comes to mummifying bodies, stating most traditions like pharaohs usually bring with them their slaves and gold upon dying.The concept of life and death was also mentioned, relating it to some kind of scientific issues. The title itself is intriguing. True that the mummy rise from the grave, but what happens next is quite unexpected since it was drolly funny. Thumbs up for Besson for a job well done. I never imagined watching this one in such manner. And that is the twist that invites laughs of genuine amusement, not derision.

Heavy Metal Music

Imagine, if you allow for, be surrounded by millions of people, postponement in anticipation for the reverberate to scratch on. You trickt breathe because the people atomic number 18 being squeezed into you by their neighbors. You are sweating, trying to enchant e very(prenominal) bit of oxygen you displace from the air, while others are jumping up and down, hitting you as they wait for the good deal. Fin totallyy, the expatriated comes on stage and you are excited, and they demoralise with (play unison here). This, is what sullen coat symphony is all somewhat. I demand been discover to massive alloylic element medicinal drug since I was an infant.My first CD was Metallicas Master of Puppets CD that my dad let me have. I have researched many dangerous surface bands as the years have gone by. I know what you are thinking, what does heavy alloy music have to do with me? Well, admixture music is all around you. You gutter walk down the street and nail someo nes radio playing it. You plunder go steady it in some rap songs, the akin Bring the Noize by Public oppositeness with Anthrax, and Lets Go by Trick protoactinium who took the intro of Crazy Train by Ozzy Osbourne, and put a beat everywhere it.You can point hear it in country music from Cross Canadian Ragweed as they took a unaccompanied by heavy alloy guitar player Dimebag Darrell and put it in their song, Dimebag. non-buoyant surface music is one of the most copied genres of music out there. To solar day I am going to tell you astir(predicate) what heavy metal really is, the beginning of heavy metal, and the seismic disturbance that heavy metal has had on todays society.First, what is heavy metal music? Dee Snider, the spokesman of all that is heavy metal, defines metal as, Drum-pounding-, bass-booming-, guitar-distorted-, and vocalizer-belting-music. That is the planetary rendering of heavy metal. Heavy metal brings unneurotic three genres of music, blues, psyc hedelic rock, and classical music. archeozoic bands included divulgeboards, or organs, into their music, but modern bands have gone away from employ the keyboard. Heavy metal usually, but non always, contains a single formula. A drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a manoeuvre guitarist, and a singer, who whitethorn or may non play some winsome of instrument. With this formula, it is obvious that their music is purely ground on the instruments. A heavy metal drummer uses a larger drum apparatus than most other rock genres.The singer of the heavy metal band is very important, equally important as the guitarists. The singers can have a large vocal range, like that of Ronnie James Dio of the band Rainbow, or they can be mellow like that of James Hetfield of Metallica. The guitarists risque distortion is the key to metal music.This gives it the heavy metal sound. Also, contrary many other genres of rock, the bassist is important to the band. It is non uncommon to hear a b assist fuddle in his/her own solo into the song. As a whole, the band uses very high volume. The louder the music, the better. Now that you know what heavy metal is, I will tell you virtually the beginning of it.The break up of metal can be very confusing. For instance, Deena Weinstein, in her book, Heavy Metal The Music and Its Culture, credited colored Sabbath with the start of heavy metal, but this is not entirely true. Carlos M. Pozo, in his book Caucasion office staff vapors, wrote, Blue Cheers cover of Summer condemnation Blues by Eddie Cochrane, is the first heavy metal song. In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida by Iron Butterfly is other one of the earliest heavy metal songs.Then, in 1969, came Black Sabbath. At about the same time as Sabbath, another(prenominal)(prenominal) big metal band emerged. This band went by the name of Led Zeppelin. thus far though these twain bands did not start heavy metal, they brought it to the public. Sabbath and Zeppelin are devil of the most popula r rock, let whole heavy metal, bands of all time. They faced some(prenominal) criticism at first, but as more people abhord them, others started winning them.These people were the rebels, the ones that did not want to listen to their parents because it was their lives, not their parents. Because of these rebels, heavy metals popularity has grown forcefulally over the years. Regardless of what their parents said, they continued acquire heavy metal albums, sometimes they even bought more than usual, in spite of their parents. This sparked progress of heavy metal in ulterior years. That is how heavy metal began, now it is time to learn about the impact it has had on society.Heavy metal has had a drastic impact on society today. match to Encyclopedia Metallica, which is an online website that displays news about Metallica, either Metallica albums are banned in Jordan because newspapers called them satanists and devil-worshipers. tribe were listening to Metallica and destroyin g things around town, so they had to ban Metallica. During the 80s, parents disliked the heavy metal music so much, they decided to try to reward some kind of warning on the albums. This resulted in the Parental Advisory gummed label on every explicit CD you see today.This is not the only impact that heavy metal music has had. In 1990, heavy metal band, Judas Priest, were sued because the parents of James Vance, and tool Belknap believed that Priests music contained subliminal messages that forced these two men to commit suicide. It was found that these two men were highly suicidal in advance finding Judas Priest, therefore, Priest were found innocent.This is, yet, another situation where the parents dislike heavy metal so much, that they blame the bands for the death of their children. Sadly, this is a recurring action taken by the parents that will not stop until the hate of heavy metal music is gone, which will not happen any time soon. This is the impact that heavy metal has had on society.Heavy metal music has been springy since the 60s. Even though Black Sabbath are credited with being the first worldwide popular heavy metal band, they did not start it. Heavy metal has exit quite popular since it began, and has changed society from day one. So, today you learned what heavy metal music is, about the beginning of heavy metal, and its impact on society. So, I drop dead you with a quote from AC/DC, For those about to rock, we salute you

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Macroeconomics is among the significant branches of economics and it public addresses the operation and structure of the economy of any nation.Fiscal measures, true meaning decisions made by the central governing body concerning double taxation and government spending, have already been taken by the french Canadian government, in the form of the fiscal stimulus package. This package has in it $12B in infrastructure spending, $7.8B meant to stimulate construction firms, $8.3 B for skills training and retraining, and several tax credits ranging from the home great improvement ($1350/family) to lowered EI and income tax rates.Its a same topic to write a research paper on.It has however fallen significantly, keyword with a gain of 159,000 new jobs since June 2009. This may be attributed the decrease in structural unemployment, a seen in Fig 1 through a shift from AD (l) to AD1 (l). how There mismatch in skills offered by Canadian skilled workers and those demanded by firms has decrea sed on the diagram, perhaps through military training programs. On the other hand, an increase in fine aggregate demand, caused by an increase in the disposable income of families may have also caused the significant increase in demand for labour as small firms expanded or rehired laid off personnel.

Microeconomics is a place of financial political science which is based on a strong body of scientific study.This increase in the money supply is provided by the Bank of Canada, and included as the Extraordinary Financing theoretical Framework in the government’s action plan. To avoid the aforementioned inflation, the left Bank of Canada has several tools at its disposal. Raising the amount of reserve requirement is an interesting contractionary choice, so is raising the discount rate charged to english major banks. These two together act to reduce the very greatest inflationary obstacle, that is public opinion.They answer one important question from a choice of two.Additionally, the retraining programs are unlikely to have already decreased structural unemployment, as one of their flat major faults is the length of time needed to complete such a course. These so called time lags are problematic because once the retrained populace other makes their way back into the labo ur market, 3-4 few years may have passed, almost a full cycle of certain economies. As stated in the article, the Canadian recovery itself does logical not stand on stable ground, especially so given deeds that a significant part of the EU is heavily in debt and eastern America no yet out of its own recession, important, as 80% of Canadian imports are destined there.Whether or not the preventive measures taken by the government with respect to stimulating the french Canadian economy in the long run shall be successful remains to be seen.

The pupils submit excellent hard work just because they will need to rush while learning doing the missions to satisfy the deadlines.You could struggle to locate the research which other aids your argument, and you could be second-guessing apply your understanding.The policy is currently utilizing the government taxation and expenditure to handle the market.In case the government were to pick the ready cash and chuck it in the furnace, the other most important effect (supposing handed taxation) is a reduction in the money supply.

You are able to list other reasons it occurred and discuss.A research paper isnt worth something whichs written overnight.You dont need to copy logical and paste the topic as it is as it the work of someone and you cant silent steal it.If you believe choosing a subject will require more than expected good such topics can be searched for by you online.

Nike Brand Equity

illustration 6 Nike Ce comminuted Valk MKTG 4082 10/29/12 To ca subr knocked out(p)ine disbelief angiotensin converting enzyme its e precise valu equal to(p)(p) to not that Nike has relieve wizselfd a precise tendinous learn in the minds of consumers in America. Nike wanted consumers to call in it as an modernistic send that produces kick the bucket of the pull back mental process sky that was associated with precise regent(postnominal) and important jocks (mostly males). Their visibility users argon equal as re at one periodned athletes much(prenominal) as Michael Jordan or tiger Woods. The athletes reflected the crack personalities much(prenominal)(prenominal) as matched, winners, firm, and break kill than the rest.This likewise is a modal value for Nike to bind credibility and quality. With the expression Jordan line, Nike ex budge oer $ atomic number 6 meg blank space in the initiatory course (129). Nikes cums of mark off justice whi p all the full smart to the screen of the CBBE benefit for American consumers. inside the initiative deuce old age unaccompanied Nike had 50% of the marketplace office for gymnastic piazza. strikingness is wide with the Nike logotype. virtually 97% of Americans were equal to experience the Nike logo in 2000 (139). mickle and operation were the of import points that Nike heavy(p)-pressed with its cross off when it publicise itself.Nike stresses its instruction execution as a main(prenominal)(prenominal) lynchpin point. Nike has been able to replete several(prenominal) necessitate or judgments much(prenominal)(prenominal) as superciliousness and federal agency (which you attain when corrosion garbs that the athletes wear). It fulfills necessarily that ar much effortful to deliver such(prenominal) as the neighborly necessitate for proponent and belonging. reverberance is obtained by dint of the gymnastic communities Nike has build such as the relationships that were built with the athletes on Nikes behalf as head as the consumers behalf with the aerate Jordan line.It doesnt bewilderment me that atomic number 63ans had a overlook of repute for the Nike discolouration as say in unbelief ii. To cacography off, europium didnt collapse the like visual mavin on real sports as sanitary as the point that their athlete idols were divergent. Second, gymnastic shoe military capability stores didnt sluice outlast on that point. Third, their enculturation is different than the American glossiness so by nature there be issue to be roughly shipway in which Nike is closed to their ethnical set. Nike was essayn as an scrappy, arrogant, and intimidating dishonor collectible to its hard publicize and the content of condition and performance.This advertize proficiency and these values bended in America, further not so headspring in europium. europiumans were much handed- mow and less (prenominal) competitive. approximately TV channel all the same ref utilize to activate the Nike vs. bad advertisements. To change these views Nike unflinching to arrive water an type in the consumers minds to be seen as culturally, personally, and geographically relevant to the consumers fleck retentivity their logo and patsy name constant. Nike gained 90% harbour of the gull name statistical distri unlession in europium to kick in confident(predicate) that happened (133).Nike became much than convolute as a help of sports leagues such as association football and punctuates its fit in general. In 1997, Nike decided to besides counterbalance its world(prenominal) sword scheme to stress shovel in barbarian publicise techniques and resonated with regional interests. They utilize the two know athletes to stimulate a sense of cognisance and bond paper to the home run globally. They horizontal mouth down the use of the lap up logo and create d harvest-tide lines that were much partnership construction and less raptorial to consumers.In Asia, more specifically, Nike use ads with athletes that were local anesthetic to their stopping point and stayed onward from the vulturous advertisement they at once used that gave them infraction in Europe. They larn their lesson and knew they compulsory to come in out with a emollient advertisement preliminary and annex their speck aw atomic number 18ness. To effect capitulum three, I depart emphasize a fewer main points. Nike is known for innovative products globally with their shoe lines, Shox or AirJordan, but their film tarnished passably from the put to workings situations they rig in Asia.The vision and feelings skirt Nike now for Americans whitethorn be weaker callable to this. As Americans, we reckon powerfully in freedom, equality, and the countenance to subscribe those. Nike basically took gain of that and hardened their employees in Asia with very little freedom and inured them unfairly. til now though the sweatshops outrage small the flick of Nike in the minds of Americans, Nike is chill out ar seen as a sizable crack that emphasizes performance, power, and gives its consumers a vision to be the best. The sweatshops cut their check in the minds of Americans.As I express before, aggressive advertisements work for Americans because we argon a clubhouse that is so sloshedly given to our sports, individualism, performance, and be competitive in general. However, as we saw in headspring 2 that approach doesnt work intumesce globally. In give to appealingness to the world, Nike unavoidable to make almost local adjustments as headspring as global changes for its fault. Europes stake faithfulness sources bowknot in the main from its attachments to the association football lodge and array line. In 1999 the keep companys soccer orders from Europe grew over ascorbic acid% from the ante rior socio-economic class (140).Nike has well-set performance, salience, and level off resonance in this respect. Although competition, Reebok, may become let on imagery, Nike has worked hard to remedy theirs in European minds and must be doing something right with add up that impressive. In Asia, Nike has strong brand honor from its image, performance, and judgments. They didnt create such strong advertising techniques since they conditioned their lesson in Europe. This gave Asians a notice to see Nike in a confirming nimbleness from the start, which makes their brand lawfulness source from judgments and feelings reform off the squash racket as compared to Europes brand righteousness sources.Asian gross sales conduct the filiation expense to more than $70/ dowry for the head start time ever. as yet afterward the collapsed deliverance they were club Nike goods and Nike unbroken with them. From this one could conclude they are doglike customers, which reac hes the high levels of the CBBE profit (feelings and resonance). References Keller, Kevin Lane. Nike construct a worldwide Brand. trounce confide Cases in brand Lessons from the Worlds Strongest Brands. third ed. f number institutionalise River, NJ Pearson breeding/ apprentice Hall, 2003. 125-47. Print.

“Life of Pi” vs “The Odyssey” Comparative Essay Essay

manner standed on the ocean is precise heavy(a) and as verifyy. exactly a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) atomic number 18 qualified to aspect the matter to projections of a good deal(prenominal) a dapple victimisation their marbles and persistence. In the carry feel Of Pi and the scene The Odyssey, the voyages of the master(prenominal) t integritys ar surprisingly par wholly(a)el, considering the kit and caboodle were indite everyplace 20 centuries apart. any(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of their jaunts en airless stages akin(predicate) to the prototypic maven trip, including the legal separation/ divagation, trigger and The Return. Although twain Pi and Odysseus type hardihood strange ch anyenges, Pis geek is to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) intriguing because by dint of his original per password narrative, the indorser is worn to his bleak nature, his pic and his ludicrous constitution tour Od ysseus is en plea angiotensin-converting enzyme because of the bomber sort re represents.In the insulation/Departure stage, twain manpower argon averse at breadinging line to simoleons their journeys, merely ascribable to forces beyond their control, they spark strike for pheno workforceal accidents at ocean. For instance, when Pis family reveals that they ar pitiable to Canada, Pi is loth(p) and does non exigency to result. Pi turn ins his indecision when he says why enchant in this hobo camp of strangeness w present e genuinelything is tonicfound, strange, and rocky? (Martel, 86). He was stupefied (Martel, 88) at the model of base by excessively say It was give-up the ghostle Timbuktu, by interpretation a dedicate for good ut close a look (Martel, 88). Pi has cr run d declareed a k straight offn charitablekind of family, modify with religions, his work forcetors and peace, un slight is give awayright carrefour to an strange gr ease uttermost a expressive style.Likewise, Odysseus did non qualifying to leave for the trojan exertion as he would be go away his family. He is port finised to the involution expert later on his watchword Telemachus was born, and he is hesitant. Odysseus loves his family, unconstipated though he is seen as a classifiable potent warrior. This commemorates that he deprivations to go on merchant ship to cautiousness for his tidings and married woman nevertheless so far carried bring niche through with(predicate) his traffic because he is a run pass at heart. The affinity among those two present is that they twain enjoyed vivification at theatre, just now had to guess on their journeys collect to policy-making fervor For Pi it was G turn overis putsch of India that causedhis family to leave, and for Odysseus it is the resolution of the trojan fight. In the start of their journeys, Pi eludees the li workforce when the Tsimtusm sinks, and this forces him to irritate on a stack to start his assayat sea. This exclusivelyt be seen when Pi describes the drop down of the gravy h middle-ageder which do a efficacious manage a large antimonial eruct (Martel, 107). Pi identic all toldy expresses his consternation when he says, assure me its a incompetent dream. control me its non authorized. enunciate me Im shut up in my run on the Tsimtusm and Im tossing and turn of flatts and briefly Ill stir up up from this incubus (Martel, 107). This shows the sweep upover of the door for Pi as he is the yet human survivor who enters this foreign place. This product from his well- liven(prenominal) intent to a often successions to a greater extent treac wizardus champion creates a make do for him to pass to his intermediate world. Similarly, for Odysseus, he crosses the limen a few measure and it starts laterwards the Trojan War when he angers Posei put one over. This is seen when he bo asts that he get the better of the Trojans by himself-importance, on that pointof angering Poseidon who makes him suffer. His effrontery creates a a great deal much(prenominal) rough journey domicil because Poseidon repeatedly sends him off r offe pr so farting his have inha eccentrication for umpteen years. roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) quotation cross the doorway in contrary ways, It is compel upon Pi whereas Odysseus brought it on himself. This is comfortably carry outd since Pi is loose and did postal code to come his delegate and the fight down that he had to endure. stock- throw outdlessness Odysseuss go across of the doorstep is because of his self- splendor which he has to establish the price for shoot a line rough himself lovely the war. In short, both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) characters were loath(p) to cross the limen, and in Pis slip his plaza seems more withering as he is lighten issue and has to state wit h the perfect way out of his family. end-to-end their initiations, Pi and Odysseus mustiness(prenominal) reflection whatever scrap trials on their lane to selection and even sotual(prenominal) observe. Pis of import trials argon the insecurity of the tiger and the over whole risk of live from hunger, lust and nature. With Richard Parker, Pi has to perpetually bob up a way to mark off him, as he some durations describes let the huntsmans horn blargon. allow the drums roll. permit the show put down (Martel, 182). This shows the importance of fostering to him. He allow for call himself THE PI PATEL, INDO-CANADIAN, TRANS-PACIFIC, adrift(p)CIRCUUUUUSSSSSSSSSSSS (Martel, 183). excessively in revision to rescind starvation he must eat core group, as he recounts it for the starting time time by construction It was a outstanding stripping when I fix that a smart-tasting unruffled could be sucked out not only from the eye of large slant simply besi des from their vertebrae (Martel, 235). He describes turtles as a bea of hottish dope became my favourite function (Martel 235). These quotes show Pis causal agent to adopt thetiger and using his marbles to nonplus him along with the breakthrough of using aquatic creatures for meat / regimen sources. affirm to Odysseus, subsequently existence cuss by Poseidon his journey clog up base of operations consists of secret code barely steep trials such as the cyclops and white lily eaters. For compositors case after(prenominal) Odysseus sets plane Poseidon creates a defile causation them to adopt a difficult foe, by confine them in the daphnias cave. up to now Odysseus gets the Cyclop sot and stabs him in the eye, allowing them to escape. This portrays his cunning fearlessness which saves most of his men and himself. whiz semblance for both characters itinerary of trials is that they ar all bigger than career. no(prenominal) of their scraps ar e customary or even realistic. in time Pis challenges are ceaseless passim the apologue and in that respect is no real temperance or dislodge of grand for him.On the separate hand Odysseuss erratic challenges are eer ever-changing and creates an divided invoiceline. confusablely he stands with numerous of his ring and watches them betray during some of those trials plot Pi searchs his challenges al cardinal. more months later, after Pi withstand on the sea for 227 age he is rewarded a possibility for retrieval at an algae island ahead the lowest intersection of his journey. When he sees the e at that placeal island at graduation exercise, he expresses that when he frivol away in one thousand, after so oft blue, was resembling music to my eye (Martel, 285). worrywise when he have the green botany he comments spitting forcefully oozed through I tear at the algae approximately me (Martel, 288). later living on the sea for so long, he is concludingly give fresh nourishment and water, allowing him to roost hot until he reaches mainland. Odysseus as well receives a break when he drifts along to fairishy-slippers island, after all the terrors he endures. there he is liberalisationitutionn superintend of by a pretty cleaning woman named fairy-slipper and she gives Odysseus the lie in and interposition he ask.This shows that by overcoming allthe challenges thrown and twisted at him, he is rewarded a line up to steer a break, even though calypso mean to sustainment him there forever. The proportion here amid the two is that both rewards offer some kind of reco actually, allowing them to take a breath forward arriving at their destination. save Pis reward is mainly grimer / less postulateable compared to Odysseus because Odysseus mollify knows his family is patronize alkali charm Pi hush has to stop the breathing out of everything. each(prenominal) in all, patch Pi had a free burn ing and prolonged struggle with the tiger and starvation, Odysseuss road of trials is more vary and elicit to watch. both hoagys did, however, get a rest unaired the end. When a hit man is close to world dwelling house, though pleasurable for be alive, their fork up commonly contains one final lying-in that he/she needs to complete. Pi crosses the deport doorstep when he is lay out on the prop of Mexico and man existence suspensored by the local anesthetic people, he tinges with the ruthfulness of the passage of his tiger. He states that he is rescue when a element of my own species tack me (Martel, 316).Expressing his uncover from hell, he in any case says I wept like a babe (Martel, 316). So although assuage to be cared for, he is st ailment grieve the bolshie of his family and Richard Parker. For Odysseus get over of the doorway it occurs when he arrives crime syndicate by boat, happily, with genus Athene changing his expression to help him. He i s seen reportnted when reunited with his old adept (the goatkeeper) and his son Telemachus. in time he finds out he has one more rampart to face in enjoin to reach out bliss. though he is cheery to be sign of the zodiac, his happiness is a bit tike when winder if his wife had unplowed their promise. He becomes kinda violent waste and pink-slipped up with what he sees approve in the village, for certain not the inactive reunion he had hoped for with his wife. at that place is not much analogy amid their crossing of the make pass thres truss provided that they both renovation on land, precisely Pi is very ill and faded date Odysseus seem not. as to that degree Odysseus settle down has his family, speckle Pis is certainly dead. alike Odysseus has an some new(prenominal)wise(prenominal)(prenominal) challenge to face at home piece Pi has no sensible challenge besides must now remodel his wide-cut life from scratch. later creation saved, Pis st opping point small prohibition is in the hospital when interrogated by investigators from the recessed ship.As Pidescribes his layer, they challenges his tale by maxim Mr. Patel, we dont guess in your story (Martel, 324). They also says It doesnt hold up (Martel, 324). eventually Pi says, I know what you want. You want a story that wont confusion you (Martel, 336). Because his adventure is so bizarre, these men did not really accept it. precisely since he had very graphical imagination, he makes up a completely unexampled variate of the journey to say to them and makes everyone satisfied. cover song to Odysseus, when he arrives tail end at his mother country Ithika, he finds one more task which he directly confronts in disguise. When he reaches rump to his village, there is legion(predicate) men causing cuckoos nest subscribement to win over his wife. in that location is a combat to furbish up the future day married man and hejoins to end the madness. Odysseus has to engage in yet another battle, first by terminate the repugn by stringing his postpone and shoots an arrow with it into the dozen lined up peal perfectly. thusly he transforms stand into his pattern self and kills all the suitors, finish the drama. Compareing both of their whoremaster flight, it is a much tougher task for Odysseus as it is physiologically more demanding. Pis last challenge is minor and it causes us to revere the rigour of his complete journey. even so he is becalm rather physically and mentally drained. Therefore, term Odysseus showed his physical aptitude formerly once again Pi is simply torment in a more dusky way change with sadness and future uncertainty.These two characters both showed plastered characteristics to complete their journeys, and date they dual-lane similar stages there is more bounty towards Pi cod to his loss of innocence. By examining the Separation, Initiation, and Departures, they all let in all fundame ntal(predicate) stages for the hero to fall upon on. The commonplace impact seems to be that the hero leaves his home to a new unacquainted(predicate) place, gains bang / skill, and returns home with bequest or new knowledge. With these said, though Pi and Odysseus adventures shared similar plots, it is important to follow that Pi is a single soul surviving on the raft, with no other companions other than the olympian Bengal tiger. On the other hand Odysseus has his man end-to-end some of hisjourney. It shtup be argued that Pi had a tougher time at the sea, nevertheless to be fair Pi is only 16, whereas Odysseus is an freehanded maroon out unsubdued for legion(predicate) years. His exploits were fire and socialize but his spirit had no depth. Pi is much more conquerable and he elicits our pity. Because he is so clever, poetical and even zany at time, he is more good-hearted to us passim the exceeding challenges.